Problems / Design a product, hard

Build a ChatGPT-style chat app

Design ChatGPT from an empty canvas: streamed answers from a large model with quotas, conversations kept as context, and no outage when the model provider fails.

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What it must do

Scale

Request types to route: chat (85%, write), history (15%, read). Budget: $210,000 a month.

Estimate first

The test cases

You start from an empty canvas. When you run the tests, each one simulates your design with its own traffic and failures:

TestWhat it doesPasses when
Normal dayThe normal day: the traffic in the brief, nothing broken.Success ≥ 99%; First token p99 ≤ 2.0 s; p99 latency ≤ 400 ms (history)
A viral launchAt 5 s a launch goes viral: traffic triples for 8 s, past the main provider’s quota.Success ≥ 98%; First token p99 ≤ 3.0 s
The model provider goes downAt 5 s the main model endpoint fails and stays down for 10 s; in-flight answers are cut off.Success ≥ 98%; First token p99 ≤ 3.0 s
Budget: $210,000/monthThe normal day's design must cost at most $210,000 a month.Cost ≤ $210,000/month

Must include

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