Problems / Real world, medium

Live streaming: transcoders fall behind

Each live segment is transcoded into several renditions: about 1.5 s per segment, 20 segments a second, on 24 transcoder slots.

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Your goals

Success ≥ 99%, p99 ≤ 5 s.

Test cases

Like a coding problem, a solution has to pass every case, not just the one it was built for. Submit in the lab runs all 5; 2 of them are hidden until then.

  1. As given. The problem’s own traffic, scheduled failures and seed.
  2. Peak hour. 25% more traffic than the problem states, with the same failures.
  3. A server dies. One replica of the service with the most replicas is killed for part of the run.

The traffic

20 requests a second for 30 seconds: 100% writes.

The system

What each component does in this design, and what calls it. The simulator mimics each one from these settings.

ComponentIts job hereSettings
Load balancerLoad balancerTraffic enters here.Calls Ingest.Layer 4 balancers route by IP and port; layer 7 balancers read HTTP and can route by path or header.–
IngestApp serviceLoad balancer forwards to it.Calls Live transcoders.Little's law: throughput ≈ concurrency ÷ latency. 200 slots at 50 ms serve about 4,000 req/s.3 replicas × 200 slots · timeout 4.0 s
Live transcodersVideo transcoderIngest calls it.Transcoding turns one video into several resolutions for adaptive streaming.24 slots

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